Typs Of Document Libraries in SharePoint Server 2010

Document libraries are collections of files on SharePoint Server 2010 that you share with other site users. Most document management features are delivered through document libraries. As part of document management planning, you should determine the kind of document libraries that best fit your organization's needs. If you plan document libraries for multiple sites, you might have to plan the flow of content from one site to another. If you plan to use document libraries as storage locations, you can customize the Microsoft Office Professional 2010 Open dialog box and the Save dialog box to ensure that documents are stored in the preferred location.

Type of Library	Brief details/description
Asset Library	Asset Library allows you to create a rich media library and lets you create, browse, share, organize and mange images, audio and video files.
Data Connection Library	Here you can create, browse, share, organize and manage files that contain information about connecting to external data connections.
Document Library	Here you can create, browse, share, organize and manage documents or other files. It also allows creating folders, versioning of documents and check-in/check-out of files.
Form Library	Here you store and manage Microsoft Office InfoPath forms (or XML files for use with Microsoft Office InfoPath) for instance business forms like a status report, purchase orders, etc...
Picture Library	Here you can upload and share pictures with others and it includes a built-in image viewer.
Report Library	Here you can create web pages and reports to track business metrics, goals, KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and business intelligence information.
Slide Library	It allows you to create a library for storing and sharing Microsoft PowerPoint slides.
Wiki Page Library	It allows you to create and store customizable pages of content that are linked together and can be edited by several people.

Refferences:

1)      How do I create a document library in SharePoint?

2)      Document library planning (SharePoint Server 2010)

3)      Getting Started with the SharePoint 2010 Excel Services