How to create a document library in SharePoint 2010

A Library is a list where each item in the list refers to a file that is stored in SharePoint. Libraries have all the same behaviors as lists, but because libraries contain files, they have extra features. One of these is the ability to be opened and modified through a compatible WebDAV client (e.g. Windows Explorer).
Microsoft SharePoint comes with some pre-defined list and library definitions. These include: Announcement Lists, Blogs, Contacts, Discussion Boards, Document Libraries, External Content (BCS) lists, Pages, Surveys, and Tasks.Some of these pre-defined lists have additional integration. For example, lists based on the contact content-type can be synced directly with Microsoft Outlook.


How to create a document library in SharePoint 2010
1. Open the SharePoint site on which you wants to create a document library
2. Click on site actions (left hand side-top corner)--New Document Library

 OR
1. Site actions
2. More Options (please refer the following screenshot)

 3. This will open a following window from which we can select the appropriate library as per the project requirements:

4. Enter the name of the document library 

5. Create
6. Document library will be successfully created. 


If you have any queries/questions regarding the above mentioned information then please let  me know. I would be more than happy to help you as well as resolves your issues :-)

Typs Of Document Libraries in SharePoint Server 2010

Document libraries are collections of files on SharePoint Server 2010 that you share with other site users. Most document management features are delivered through document libraries. As part of document management planning, you should determine the kind of document libraries that best fit your organization's needs. If you plan document libraries for multiple sites, you might have to plan the flow of content from one site to another. If you plan to use document libraries as storage locations, you can customize the Microsoft Office Professional 2010 Open dialog box and the Save dialog box to ensure that documents are stored in the preferred location.

Type of Library	Brief details/description
Asset Library	Asset Library allows you to create a rich media library and lets you create, browse, share, organize and mange images, audio and video files.
Data Connection Library	Here you can create, browse, share, organize and manage files that contain information about connecting to external data connections.
Document Library	Here you can create, browse, share, organize and manage documents or other files. It also allows creating folders, versioning of documents and check-in/check-out of files.
Form Library	Here you store and manage Microsoft Office InfoPath forms (or XML files for use with Microsoft Office InfoPath) for instance business forms like a status report, purchase orders, etc...
Picture Library	Here you can upload and share pictures with others and it includes a built-in image viewer.
Report Library	Here you can create web pages and reports to track business metrics, goals, KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) and business intelligence information.
Slide Library	It allows you to create a library for storing and sharing Microsoft PowerPoint slides.
Wiki Page Library	It allows you to create and store customizable pages of content that are linked together and can be edited by several people.

Refferences:

1)      How do I create a document library in SharePoint?

2)      Document library planning (SharePoint Server 2010)

3)      Getting Started with the SharePoint 2010 Excel Services