Multi-tenancy refers to the ability to manage and
partition data of sites and otherwise shared services or software in order to
accommodate multiple tenants. This is in contrast to running multiple instances
of a service, or setting up separate hardware.
In Microsoft products and
technologies, multi-tenancy of services creates a hosting environment wherein
server farm resources are maximized. Before learning about hosting
environments, it is important to understand the services architecture.
General
guidance for hosters in SharePoint Server 2013: https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dn659287.aspx
If anybody is looking for documentation or the complete
process of setting up a SharePoint 2013 Enterprise server for Multi Tenancy
then I would suggest looking at the following set of articles by Spence
Harbar.
The first is his walk through
for how to build a multi-tenancy environment in 2010. The second is a newer blog post on what
changed in 2013. I don't think I've seen
anyone do a full walk through specifically for 2013.
More References: